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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Historiography of the fall of the Ottoman Empire ： ウィキペディア英語版 Historiography of the fall of the Ottoman Empire Some scholars argue the power of the Caliphate began waning by 1683, and without the acquisition of significant new wealth the Ottoman Empire went into a fast decline.〔(Decline of the Ottomans )〕 Ottomanist scholars, however, have based research on Ottoman archives that show the decline narrative to be tenuous — their historiography describes an economically vibrant and growing empire with a sophisticated political leadership brought to a premature end after the First World War.〔Özmucur & Pamuk (2005), p. 290.〕 == The decline theory == Itzkowitz and İnalcik state Ottoman writers attributed the Empire’s troubles to the dissolution of the circle of equity, erosion of the sultan’s authority, disruption of the timar system and the demise of the devshirme, "describing symptoms rather than causes".〔Itzkowitz (1980),p. 94〕〔İnalcik (1994), pp. 22–24.〕 They argue causes comprised geographical and logistical limitations, population growth after the 16th century, inflation due to influx of Peruvian silver and the end of profitable conquests.〔Itzkowitz (1980), pp. 93–99.〕 Itzkowitz states, "the state could find no remedy" to these problems, and İnalcik, "As a result of these upheavals, the Ottoman Empire of the seventeenth century was no longer the vital empire it had been in the sixteenth"〔İnalcik (1994), p. 25.〕 – however neither show the issues remained a long-term problem. Some scholars argue the power of the Caliphate began waning by 1683, and without the acquisition of significant new wealth the Ottoman Empire went into a fast decline.〔 Berkes was one of the first writers in the 1960s to summarise the works on Ottoman socio-economic history.〔Berkes, N, 100 Soruda Turkiye Iktisat Tarihi, vol. 1: Osmanli Ekonomik Tarihinin Temelleri, vol. 2 Istanbul: Gercek Yayinevi, cited by Faroqhi (1999), p. 189.〕 He suggested one of the reasons for Ottoman economic decline was the inability of the ruling class to make a clear choice between war and the more conventional types of capital formation.〔Berkes (1964) pp. 23–29〕〔Faroqhi (1999), p. 188–189.〕 Berkes' work however focused on the confrontation of the Ottomans and the Europeans, and though important, had little detail on the commercial activities of the state. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Historiography of the fall of the Ottoman Empire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.